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Microbial notes
classification of bacteria

Classification of bacteria – A comprehensive notes

Introduction The bacterial microorganisms, which are present in a wide range of diversity and play a significant role in the…

macconkey agar

MacConkey Agar- Principle, Composition and Colonies

Introduction MacConkey Agar (MA) stands as a stalwart medium, aiding researchers in the isolation, identification, and differentiation of bacteria. This…

mannitol salt agar

Mannitol Salt Agar – Its Principle, composition, Results

Introduction Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) was developed in the early 20th century by microbiologist E.P. Chapman, who recognized the salt…

lipid hydrolysis test

Lipid hydrolysis test – Its Principle, procedure and Interpretations

Introduction The lipid hydrolysis test is a biochemical assay used in microbiology to determine the ability of microorganisms to hydrolyze…

casein hydrolysis test

Casein hydrolysis test – Its Principle, procedure and Interpretations

Introduction The casein hydrolysis test is a laboratory technique used in microbiology to determine the ability of microorganisms to break…

Camp test

CAMP Test – Its Principle, Procedure, and Limitations

Introduction The authors of the test (Christie, Atkinson, Munch, and Peterson) are abbreviated as CAMP. Since its discovery in diagnostic…

What are McFarland Standards - Its Principle, preparation and uses

What are McFarland Standards – Its Principle, preparation, and uses

Introduction McFarland Standards are a series of standardized suspensions of bacteria that are used to determine the concentration of microorganisms…

Kirby Bauer Method disc diffusion test

Kirby Bauer Method ( disc diffusion test) for antimicrobial susceptibility test

Introduction The Kirby Bauer Method also referred to as the disc diffusion method is a commonly used technique in microbiology…

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) also known as antibiotic sensitivity test is a laboratory technique used to determine the effectiveness…

India Ink Staining - Principle, Procedure, and Results

India Ink Staining – Principle, Procedure, and Results

Introduction India ink staining, also known as negative staining, is a simple yet effective approach for visualizing the exterior structures…

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