Classification of bacteria – A comprehensive notes
Introduction The bacterial microorganisms, which are present in a wide range of diversity and play a significant role in the…
MacConkey Agar- Principle, Composition and Colonies
Introduction MacConkey Agar (MA) stands as a stalwart medium, aiding researchers in the isolation, identification, and differentiation of bacteria. This…
Mannitol Salt Agar – Its Principle, composition, Results
Introduction Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) was developed in the early 20th century by microbiologist E.P. Chapman, who recognized the salt…
Lipid hydrolysis test – Its Principle, procedure and Interpretations
Introduction The lipid hydrolysis test is a biochemical assay used in microbiology to determine the ability of microorganisms to hydrolyze…
Casein hydrolysis test – Its Principle, procedure and Interpretations
Introduction The casein hydrolysis test is a laboratory technique used in microbiology to determine the ability of microorganisms to break…
CAMP Test – Its Principle, Procedure, and Limitations
Introduction The authors of the test (Christie, Atkinson, Munch, and Peterson) are abbreviated as CAMP. Since its discovery in diagnostic…
What are McFarland Standards – Its Principle, preparation, and uses
Introduction McFarland Standards are a series of standardized suspensions of bacteria that are used to determine the concentration of microorganisms…
Kirby Bauer Method ( disc diffusion test) for antimicrobial susceptibility test
Introduction The Kirby Bauer Method also referred to as the disc diffusion method is a commonly used technique in microbiology…
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test: A Comprehensive Guide
Introduction Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) also known as antibiotic sensitivity test is a laboratory technique used to determine the effectiveness…
India Ink Staining – Principle, Procedure, and Results
Introduction India ink staining, also known as negative staining, is a simple yet effective approach for visualizing the exterior structures…